Dear Readers,
This issue of Sitenews highlights an important aspect for the delivery of eye care that is demand generation. Unless people are demanding for the eye care services whatever resource building we do will be in vain. This issue focuses on the need out there in terms of magnitude of eye care. While the incidence and prevalence of eye care is there on the other hand is the fact that people requiring eye care are unable to reach the providers.
This is mainly due to a variety of reasons primarily being reasons in the community itself as well as due to reasons in the provider. Various articles highlighting various barriers in eye care bring this out more clearly. Unless we understand this we will not be able to reach the people who require eye care.
This is articulated in greater detail in e-resources related to understanding issues better for reaching out. These resource were made available via a conference sponsored by WHO and held at LAICO, Madurai with the support of Christoffel Blinden Mission, Fred Hollows Foundation, Operation Eyesight Universal, and Lions Club International Foundation.
Another key requirement for ensuring people access eye care service is health education. Resources providing different models of demand generation in eye care is also provided.
The featured organization is All India Ophthalmic Society which is doing extensive work in bringing this preventable disease under control.
Hope this issue will impart the resources which are worth to be read. Looking forward to come up with more resources in future.
We wish you an experience of learning that is very practical. Your feedback will let us know how we can improve. Please write in your feedback at eyesite@aravind.org. We look forward to your feedback.
We wish our readers an informative reading!
Happy Reading!
Regards,
Vision 2020 e-resource team
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One of the major challenges facing health care providers in general and eye care providers in particular, is the inequity in the provision and utilization of care. This is often the result of mal-distribution of the infrastructure necessary for the provision of care. However, it is well recognized that universal coverage in itself will not guarantee access to and uptake of care. Even when eye care services are available and affordable, utilization and quality vary across population groups based on socioeconomic status, literacy, and other culturally based factors. The analysis of the reasons for poor uptake, and the enumeration of the measures necessary to be taken to enhance the utilization of services, are of critical importance if increased coverage is to be equated with enhanced utilization.
- Dr. Pararajasegaram, WHO consultant
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The first global estimate on the magnitude and causes of visual impairment was based on the 1990 world population data (38 million blind). This estimate was later extrapolated to the 1996 world population (45 million blind), and to the projected 2020 world population (76 million), indicating a twofold increase in the magnitude of visual impairment in the world by 2020.
The extent of the global burden of visual impairment in 2002 is not strictly comparable to the previous estimates of 1990, which indicated there were 148 million visually impaired, of which 38 million were blind. While the 2002 world population has increased by 18.5% as compared to 1990, the population 50 years of age and older has increased by nearly 30%. The population increase is more prominent in developing countries. Taking into account the changes in world population over the past 12 years, the extent of blindness and visual impairment in 2002 appears to be lower than was projected 37 million instead of the projected 52 million.
The global disparity and inequity in the availability of eye health care services still fails to prevent and control an overwhelmingly increasing magnitude of avoidable blindness in the highly populated poorest parts of the world.
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WHAT IS THE GLOBAL BURDEN ON VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
Abstract:
This article describes in detail about the current global burden of Visual impairment. It also describes in detail about the Estimation of blindness and Visual impairment including that caused by uncorrected refractive errors in different GBD- sub regions.
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PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF BLINDNESS WORLD WIDE
Abstract:
In this article, the causes and prevalence of low vision and blindness in different parts of the world are reviewed and the socio-economic and psychological implications are briefly discussed.
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BLINDNESS PREVENTION PROGRAMMES - PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE
Abstract:
This article tells in detail about various blindness prevention programme carried out , how it got into effect in the present by having the partnerships with international nongovernmental organizations. Moreover it describes the action of National programmes for the prevention of blindness. It also tell about the development of Global database on blindness and visual impairment, to study and step into VISION 2020 at national level. It also describes the Health Systems Research carried out to analyze and prevent the needful blindness.
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PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Abstract
This poster reveals the fact of the prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and also the incidence rate in the forthcoming years.
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CHILDHOOD CATARACT: MAGNITUDE, MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS AND IMPACT BR SHAMANNA AND R MURALIKRISHNAN
Abstract:
This article focuses the magnitude of childhood cataract and the management of childhood cataract to reduce it.
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CATARACT BLINDNESS CHALLENGES FOR THE 21ST CENTURY
Abstract:
This article deals with the factors affecting the cataract population from reaching eye care, cataract challenges and the preventive measures taken to reduce the barriers.
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REFRACTIVE ERROR IN CHILDREN IN AN URBAN POPULATION IN NEW DELHI
Abstract:
This article provides in detail about the study conducted to assess the prevalence of refractive error and related visual impairment in school-aged children in an urban population in New Delhi, India. This article also tabulates the refractive error statistics among the school children with the distribution of the age and the prevalence of Astigmatism among the children collected as a result of this study.
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Determining barriers to use of eye care services is critical for planning strategies to prevent blindness. Traditional practices, beliefs, fatalistic attitudes towards blindness, fear of treatment, lack of faith in the intervention, and fear about the surgical procedure influence the behavior of patients, leading to low acceptance levels. These are the principal barriers that would have to be addressed if uptake of services is to be improved. Health education, individual counseling, and using operated patients as motivators can help overcome this problem.
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In reaching out to the community each of the eye care disease requires a different service delivery model to be in place for ensuring all in the community have access and can afford the eye care provided. This necessitates a deeper introspection of the service delivery model in the community of each of the priority conditions amenable to reaching out. This PART provides you with resource covering the disease priorities. The disease priorities covered are cataract, refractive errors, childhood blindness and diabetic retinopathy.
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GLOBAL CONSULTATION ON REACHING THE UNREACHED
Abstract
This presentations main aim is to outline the magnitude and distribution of the worlds unreached population, To describe some common features of such populations, To discuss some of the implications of needless blindness in these communities, To outline some approaches that have helped to try reach these populations and the moral imperative for priority action in this regard.
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SETTING THE CONTEXT - REACHING THE UNREACHED
Abstract
This presentation focuses on need to reach out in eye care, market driving for reaching the community, characteristics of the community, framework for strategies for best practices and Principles.
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CATARACT BEST PRACTICES
Abstract
This presentation lists in some broad areas that could be followed in the community participation for eye care. It also tells how to build the community participation, make it sustainable and also its benefits.
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CATARACTS MAGNITUDE, TREND AND ISSUES
Abstract
This presentation briefs in detail about the major cause of the cataract blindness, magnitude of cataract blindness, barriers of cataract blindness amongst the eye care population in Ghana.
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REFRACTIVE ERRORS BEST PRACTICES
Abstract
This presentation briefs about the focus areas that have to be followed for the community to reach the refractive eye care services, ensuring the accessibility of the service, sustainability, creating the willingness amongst the customers to pay the service and continuous follow up by the community.
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REFRACTIVE ERROR
Abstract
This was presented by Mr. Keerti Bhusan Pradhan in Global Consultation on Reaching the Unreached which was held at Madurai from October 6th to 8th, 2007. This presentation deals with Magnitude, Challenges and Trends in Refractive error of various countries.
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REFRACTIVE ERRORS - A SOLUTION IN SIGHT
Abstract
This was presented by Dr. S.Aravind in Global Consultation on Reaching the Unreached which was held at Madurai from October 6th to 8th, 2007. This presentation focus on Refractive Errors Overview, lessons learnt, Service delivery models, Costs and Financing the services.
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DIABETIC RETINOPATHY BEST PRACTICES
Abstract
This presentation lists out the Domain areas and the main focus of the domain areas for the prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy among the rural public.
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STRATEGIES FOR ADDRESSING THE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Abstract:
This presentation briefs about the project work done in Gujarat for treating the needless blindness .It also focus on the strategies like awareness creation, capacity building, treatment and the follow up activities that have been handled specifically with people affected with Diabetic Retinopathy.
Source: Sight Savers International
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ISSUES, MAGNITUDE & TRENDS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Abstract:
This presentation gives an overview about the Global perspective of Diabetic Retinopathy and the raise of Diabetic Retinopathy prevalence in India. It also tells about the strategies, procedures that have to be followed for combating the challenge for the Diabetic Retinopathy prevalence. It also describes about the Screening procedures that have been followed for finding and treating the Diabetic Retinopathy.
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MAGNITUDE, TRENDS AND NATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR CHILDHOOD BLINDNESS IN PAKISTAN
Abstract:
This presentation lists out the magnitude and the cause of blindness in Pakistan. It also tells about the current available ophthalmic services, strategies that have been provided and followed in at the primary, secondary and the Tertiary eye care providers for eradicating the needless blindness.
Source: CHEF International,
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CHILDHOOD BLINDNESS
Abstract:
This presentation briefs about the global scenario of the prevention of blindness, and the blindness statistics in Nepal. It also tells about the pediatric eye care facility and the outreach activities provided by the Lumbini Eye Institute, Nepal.
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GEOGRAPHIC FACTORS BEST PRACTICES
Abstract:
This presentation tells in detail about the geographic factors for overcoming the challenges at the people and providers end for treating the eye care community in the prescribed service area.
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GEOGRAPHIC BARRIER OF EYE CARE ACCESS IN ETHIOPIA
Abstract:
This presentation lists out the Geographical barriers that cause needless blindness and the ways to overcome the barriers in Ethiopia.
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DISTRICT EYE CARE SERVICE - LUMBINI MODEL
Abstract:
This was presented by Mr. R.P.Kandel in Global Consultation on Reaching the Unreached which was held at Madurai from October 6th to 8th, 2007. This is a presentation on District Eye Care Service Lumbini Model, Nepal.
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OUTREACH OF ORBIS CHINA
Abstract:
This was presented by Xue Yang in Global Consultation on Reaching the Unreached which was held at Madurai from October 6th to 8th, 2007. This presentation briefs about blindness situation in China and Outreach approaches & programs conducted by ORBIS China.
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GUATEMALA OUT REACH ACTIVITIES
Abstract:
This presentation lists in detail about the outreach activities handled by the Visualiza eye care facility in Guatemala. It also tells about the barriers that prevent the community from reaching the eye care facility and how the outreach activities are conducted in knocking out the barriers.
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ORGANIZING THE OUTREACH ACTIVITIES
Abstract:
This was presented by Huynh Tan Phuc in Global Consultation on Reaching the Unreached which was held at Madurai from October 6th to 8th, 2007. This presentation consists background of Blindness in Vietnam, Need to reduce avoidable blindness in Vietnam, solutions and lessons learned and applied.
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ORGANIZING OUTREACH - CASE PRESENTATION ON ARAVIND MODEL
Abstract:
This was presented by Mr. R. Meenakshi Sundaram in Global Consultation on Reaching the Unreached which was held at Madurai from October 6th to 8th, 2007. This is a case presentation on Aravind Eye Care system Outreach Model.
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Abstract:
This was presented by Raheem Rahmathullah in Global Consultation on Reaching the Unreached which was held at Madurai from October 6th to 8th, 2007. This presentation briefs about Information Technology and its trends over years. It also deals with issues and barriers to access the patients from the provider.
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BEST PRACTICES
Abstract:
This presentation tells in detail about the role of IT in eye care. It also lists about the role of IT in different focus areas in the eye care services.
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VISION CENTER IN CHINA
Abstract:
This was presented in Global Consultation on Reaching the Unreached which was held at Madurai from October 6th to 8th, 2007. This is a case presentation on HE Eye Hospitals Vision center Model.
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CONCEPT OF VISION CENTRE
Abstract:
This was presented in Global Consultation on Reaching the Unreached which was held at Madurai from October 6th to 8th, 2007. This presentation explains details of Vision Centre Concept, Strategies for sustenance, Learning and its Future Direction.
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Low levels of literacy and education has led to a low level of awareness of eye Health issues, particularly in rural areas and urban slums. An effective awareness campaign making relevant information accessible to the right people hinges on a good understanding of the patient population in terms of health behaviors, literacy levels, economic status, barriers to access and logistics of information transmission. This understanding helps not only in the content, but also in the delivery of the message.
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THE NEED AND PROCESS OF IEC (INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION) DEVELOPMENT IN DELIVERING PAEDIATRIC EYE CARE SERVICES
Abstract
This article provides information on how to develop a communication tool like IEC which combines strategies, approaches and methods that enable individuals, families, groups and organizations to play active roles in achieving health seeking behaviour to improve the quality of life of the communities.
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ENABLING PEOPLE TO HELP THEMSELVES
Abstract
This article focuses on enabling people to help themselves by identifying problems and finding the solutions for themselves.
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GUIDELINES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MESSAGES FOR PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS
Abstract
This article provides information on the guidelines to be followed in generating a messgaes and the approach to the community required to make it successful.
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AWARENESS OF EYE DISEASES AND RISK FACTORS: IDENTIFYING NEEDS FOR HEALTH EDUCATION AND PROMOTION IN CANADA
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the level of awareness of eye diseases in the urban population of Hyderabad in southern India. This data suggest that there is a need for health education in this Indian population to increase their level of awareness and knowledge of common eye diseases.
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PRETEST COMMUNICATION MATERIALS
Abstract
This article focuses on various issues of pre testing like what, why, how, where and with whom to pre test the Health education materials.
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EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATION AIDS
Abstract
The article focuses on some essential characteristics, principles of preparation and cues for making effective communication aids.
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VISION BY SESSION
Abstract
This case study describes about how a health education session helps to stabilize the vision of a person.
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KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF GENERAL PRACTITIONERS TOWARDS DIABETIC RETINOPATHY PRACTICE IN SOUTH INDIA
Abstract:
This study was done to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of urban General Practitioners regarding the screening and management of diabetic retinopathy. A questionnaire was designed to assess the GPs KAP in handling diabetic retinopathy. Questions were related to referrals, direct ophthalmoscopes, and barriers to diabetic retinopathy screening. It also tells about the Telephonic Interview conducted among the Urban GPs from Chennai.
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DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AWARENESS STRATEGIES
Abstract:
This article explains the need for awareness creation in the community since any successful programme to combat any disease relies on the effectiveness of the awareness among the people and also the strategies that could be used to create such awareness in the community.
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AWARENESS ABOUT EYE DISEASES AMONG DIABETICS - A SURVEY IN SOUTH INDIA
Abstract:
This article tells in detail about the study conducted to analyze the awareness about the eye diseases among diabetes from the survey conducted in the rural South India. It also discuss about the analysis of the questionnaire that was devised and distributed in the outpatient department to assess awareness about the eye complications of diabetes and to seek the opinion of patients about how awareness can be increased.
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A PILOT STUDY ON AWARENESS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AMONG NON-MEDICAL PERSONS IN SOUTH INDIA. THE CHALLENGE FOR EYE CARE PROGRAMMES IN THE REGION
Abstract:
This study was conducted to determine awareness and practices relating to diabetic retinopathy among non-medical persons in a south Indian population. In this population-based cross-sectional study, trained social workers conducted face-to-face interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire with 200 randomly selected paramedical personnel and 204 persons randomly selected from the community.
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AWARENESS OF GLAUCOMA IN THE RURAL POPULATION OF SOUTHERN INDIA
Abstract:
This study was conducted to explore the awareness of glaucoma amongst the rural population of Andhra Pradesh, India.
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People's use of health services is influenced by a range of psychological, social, cultural, economic and practical factors. Eye care services are no exception. Nevertheless, there has been a tendency to assume that if eye services are available then people in need will use them. But in areas with poor utilization of services there is need for demand generation. This section will provide you with resource related to demand generation. It will help you to develop various demand generation strategies which can be used to get more patients.
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PEOPLE WHO DON'T USE EYE SERVICES: 'MAKING THE INVISIBLE VISIBLE'
Abstract:
This paper focuses on the poor utilization of services for the treatment of cataract in developing countries, and the reasons underlying this. This also highlights the main reasons for not seeking treatment given by people with eye problems in India, Nepal and the Gambia.
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INCREASING UPTAKE OF EYE CARE SERVICES BY WOMEN
Abstract
This article focuses on issues faced by women in accepting eye care services.
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BRIDGING THE GAP TO EVIDENCE-BASED EYE CARE
Abstract
This article focus on the enormous challenge to make access to information equal for those who need it at the time and place when they need it. Only if this is achieved can we successfully promote an evidence-based approach to health care. It also features on the further gaps to be bridged if we are to turn eye care workers into evidence-based practitioners.
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AWARENESS OF EYE DISEASES IN AN URBAN POPULATION IN SOUTHERN INDIA
Abstract
This study was conducted to assess the level of awareness of eye diseases in the urban population of Hyderabad in southern India. This data suggest that there is a need for health education in this Indian population to increase their level of awareness and knowledge of common eye diseases.
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POPULARISING EYE HEALTH SERVICES IN SOUTHERN MEXICO: COMMUNITY WORKERS MEET A FELT NEED
Abstract:
This article briefs about Programmes for blindness prevention in southern Mexico and how the eye health services have been popularized amongst the eye health workers in Southern Mexico. It also tells about the Training procedure conducted here for the eye health workers.
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RAPID ASSESSMENT OF AVOIDABLE BLINDNESS
Abstract:
The main aims of RAAB are to estimate the prevalence and causes of avoidable blindness and visual impairment in people aged 50 and above, to assess cataract surgical coverage, to identify the main barriers to the uptake of cataract surgery and to measure outcome after cataract surgery.
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PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC HEALTH
Abstract:
This article gives an overview of the concept of utilizing private sector participation in improving public health. Various experiences have shown that success of a health program depends on involvement and participation of different stakeholders of health. The article focuses on need, importance, advantages and process of building partnership for an eye health care programme related particularly to diabetic retinopathy.
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CATARACT SERVICES: INCREASING UTILISATION AND CREATING DEMAND
Abstract:
This article describes a dramatic illustration from China showing the imbalance between the provision and use of cataract services; a fully equipped department, with advanced technology and 24 ophthalmologists, performed less than 100 cataract operations in a year. It also suggests the need for balance between supply and demand and making the cataract services more affordable.
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INCREASING THE VOLUME OF CATARACT SURGERY: AN EXPERIENCE IN RURAL CHINA
Abstract:
This article describes about the cataract situation in china. It also deals with What is wrong with Chinas cataract services and also states about ORBIS launched Blindness Prevention Model County Project in Wutai County, Shanxi Province.
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CREATING DEMAND FOR CATARACT SERVICES: A CAMBODIAN CASE STUDY
Abstract:
This article describes in detail about the barriers which prevent the Cambodian patient to reach the eye care services. It also suggests some approaches that could to be followed to overcome these barriers.
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INCREASING THE USE OF CATARACT SERVICES: USING AN EXISTING EYE CARE STRUCTURE IN NIGERIA
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CREATING DEMAND FOR CATARACT SURGERY & MEETING IT: THE SANKARA WAY!
Abstract:
This article tells in detail about the Sankaras Gift of Vision, Rural Outreach Eye Care Programme which applies an innovative approach to meet the cataract demand. It also tells about the working procedure followed in the eye care Programme.
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PRODUCTIVITY: GETTING CATARACT PATIENTS THROUGH AND OUT
Abstract:
This paper focuses on increasing the capacity and efficiency of the existing system of service delivery, which will be a genuine need in many situations. It also describes in detail about the strategies that must be designed to optimize the balance between resources and patient load in hospitals.
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MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING FOR PRIMARY EYE CARE OF THE ELDERLY: THE NEED TO CREATE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF AGE-RELATED CATARACT IN PAKISTAN
Abstract:
This article focuses on the significance of management and planning for primary eye care for the population aged 60 and over, in Pakistan. It takes the case of age-related cataract and highlights the importance of creating public awareness about cataract in terms of the respective roles of health planners, policy makers and service providers.
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CHANGING TRENDS IN BARRIERS TO CATARACT SURGERY IN INDIA
Abstract:
This study was conducted in the districts of Karnataka to analyze the barriers for the cataract. The data of the previously conducted study has compared with current data and the study resulted in finding the shift in the barriers. These shifts are analyzed and alternative strategies to increase the uptake of cataract surgery are recommended.
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OUTPUT AND OUTCOME INDICATORS TO BE USED TO ASSESS THE PAEDIATRIC EYE CARE PROGRAM
Abstract:
This worksheet is a tool to be used to assess the output of their Hospital based, Community based and Preventive services they have undertaken.
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PROVIDING APPROPRIATE MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR CHILDHOOD CATARACT IN REMOTE TRIBAL REGIONS OF INDIA
Abstract:
This document exchanges the experiences of a hospital while providing treatment for childhood cataract in the tribal regions of India.
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DIABETES AND DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Abstract:
In this article Ricky Sharma shares his experience at Aravind Eye Hospital, South India where in a six month period, 1,863 new eye patients had a diagnosis (either previously known or unknown) of diabetes mellitus. It also tells about the DR screening and the treatment methods available in the developing countries.
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All India Ophthalmic Society
The AIOS was established in the year 1930. It is a registered Society under the Society's Registration Act of 1860. They have at present about 10,000 Members. Many of them are life Members.
The objects of the society are cultivation and promotion of the study and practice of ophthalmic sciences, research and man-power development with a view to render service to the community and to promote social contacts among ophthalmologists of the country.
AIOS organise Annual Conferences in different parts of the country. In these conferences a number of scientific programmes, Symposia, Seminars, Workshops, Refresher courses, Live Survery etc. etc. are conducted for the promotion and mutual exchange of knowledge in the field of Ophthalmic secience.
The society also gives incentives to the Members in the form of Awards, Orations, Prizes and fellowships in recognition of their services in the various specialities. The Chairman, Scientific Committee looks after the scientific programme of the society.
The Society has an Editor - Journal who functions under the aid and advice of the Editorial Board. Quarterly journals are issued to all the members of the society.
Visit our website : www.aios.org
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Vision 2020 e-resource team,
Lions Aravind Institute of Community Ophthalmology,
1, Annanagar, Madurai - 625 020,
Tamil Nadu, India,
E-mail:eyesite@aravind.org
Phone: 91-452-4356500
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