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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a developmental disorder that occurs in the incompletely vascularized retina of premature infants and is an important cause of blindness in children in both the developed and the developing countries. Incidence of this condition is rising rapidly in developing countries with improvements in neonatal care and increasing survival of very low birth infants. The most important aspect about ROP, is that it is preventable and treatable by adequate and early screening.

This issue talks about magnitude, risk factors of ROP and enables you in understanding its problems. It also discusses about various screening and awareness methods, management and treatment, clinical studies, protocols and linking to various guidelines and Government initiative.


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Library Team
The Issue Features...
Retinopathy of Prematurity [ May - Jun. 2015 ]
Vol.12 No.3 May & June 2015
•  Introduction
•  Definition
•  ROP - Prevalence
•  Risk Factors
•  Screening
•  Telemedicine Screening
•  ROP Treatment
•  Government Initiative
•  ROP Studies
•  Protocols
•  Guidelines
•  Prevention
•  Featured Personality

•   Past Issues


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  • Survival rates of the premature babies (20% of all births) in India have increased because of improved neonatal care. As a result, Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is also on rise apart from other associated sequalae of prematurity. This often goes unnoticed in the early weeks of life, thus making interventions difficult and ineffective in most of the babies. A study in India quotes an incidence of ROP as38% amongst babies born with birth weight less than 1500 grams. With a birth rate of 23 per 1000 population and about 12% of infants being born prematurely in India, it is estimated that at least 20% of them being at risk of visual impairment due to ROP.

    WHO has recognized that prematurity is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality (Report - WHO: Born Too Soon 2012) with India having largest number of premature babies (3, 59,100 premature babies annually) in the world. Unfortunately the incidence of ROP is also high in the country when compared to the developed world. Further, ROP in India is severe in its form and is seen in higher birth weight groups too. A study in India quotes incidence of ROP as 38% amongst babies born with birth weight less than 1500 grams. With a birth rate of 23 per 1000 population and about 12% of infants being born prematurely in India, it is estimated that at least 20% of them being at risk of visual impairment due to ROP. However, current reach is as low as 30%of this need. Thus there is an urgent need to address the growing ROP related blindness.





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  • JAMES D. REYNOLDS MD

  • Professional Summary:

    Dr. Reynolds has various research interests in pediatric ophthalmology, but his main niche is retinopathy of prematurity. ROP is a disease of the developing immature retinal vasculature, modulated by hyperoxia/hypoxia micro environments in the retina, which can lead to neovascularization, scarring, and potential blindness. Dr. Reynolds is a recognized expert in the field and is the author of many peer reviewed articles and several invited review chapters. His NIH funding has been nearly continuous while at U.B. while participating in several multi-center clinical trials in ROP as center P.I. and project director.



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