Dear Readers,
Diabetic Retinopathy is retinopathy (damage to the retina) caused by complications of diabetes mellitus, which can eventually lead to blindness. It is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease which affects up to 80% of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. Despite these intimidating statistics, research indicates that at least 90% of the DR incidence can be averted if there is early diagnosis and proper treatment and monitoring of the eyes.
Diabetic Retinopathy often has no early warning signs. Given the proven benefits of early detection, guidelines for screening for diabetic retinopathy have been established. However, the barriers to recommended eye examinations are numerous and include insufficient referrals, socioeconomic factors, and poor geographical access to care.
So, screening programme will help in early detection and treatment. This site news uses a general approach to the understanding of screening programs. This issue introduces you to the Magnitude of Diabetic Retinopathy and talks on the need for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening which will enable readers to understand the problems related to Diabetic Retinopathy.
The organization, which we are featuring is Fundus Photograph Reading Center (FPRC), which works with various clinical research studies to analyze photographs of retina and the featured personality is, the Director of the centre. We wish you an experience of learning that is very practical. Your feedback will help us to improve. Please send in your feedback at
eyesite@aravind.org.
Regards,
Library Team
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DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SCREENING MODEL FOR RURAL POPULATION: AWARENESS AND SCREENING METHODOLOGY
In order to combat diabetic retinopathy related blindness, Sankara Nethralaya, the premier eye institute of India launched a major screening programme for diabetic retinopathy among rural population. The emphasis was on early detection and awareness creation by conducting screening camps.
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AWARENESS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AMONGST DIABETES PATIENTS AT THE MURTALA MOHAMMED HOSPITAL, KANO, NIGERIA
Patient awareness of diabetic retinopathy and its associated risk factors should aid compliance with risk control measures, and help drive patient demand for retinopathy screening. There is therefore a need for increasing the general awareness of diabetic retinopathy amongst diabetes patients attending the outpatient.
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DR PROJECTS - WELCOME TO ARAVIND EYE HOSPITAL
A network of about 80-100 TIFAC CORE centres are planned in multiple areas throughout India by TIFAC Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. This link tells about one such centre -The WDF- Aravind diabetic retinopathy project at Tirunelveli, Madurai, Theni. The Phase I of the project is completed and Phase II has been commenced in 10th July 2007.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENTAL DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SCREENING WORKING GROUP
This article highlights that the Northern Ireland (UK) Working Group made the following recommendations for a Diabetic Retinopathy Programme along with cost estimate for such a screening programme.
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TELE-SCREENING FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
This link informs about the Tele-screening for diabetic retinopathy project(Sankara Nethralaya), which seeks to prevent blindness resulting from diabetes through screening, treatment and care.
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PHYSICIANS BATTLE INDIA'S DIABETIC RETINOPATHY CRISIS
In this Site, Dr. G.V. Rao, PhD, director of Indian operations for Orbis International, spoke with Ocular Surgery News Although the diabetic retinopathy programs started by Aravind and L.V. Prasad have been successful, they are too small and piecemeal to address the entirety of the problem
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DIABETIC EYE SCREENING IN MALAYSIA: FINDINGS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH AND MORBIDITY SURVEY 2006
In this Malaysian national survey 55 percent of patients with known DM have never undergone an eye examination. This article concludes that adherence to eye screening guidelines and the prompt referral of sight-threatening DR are essential in order to reduce the incidence of blindness among patients with DM.
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PATIENT UPTAKE OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SCREENING
In this Irish study a questionnaire covering demographics, diabetes medical history and the knowledge of and attitudes to diabetic retinopathy showed that the most significant predictor for receiving screening was a previous physician recommendation about the necessity of a regular eye examination. Current Australian guidelines for people with diabetes recommend screenings at least once every 2 years for the early detection of diabetic retinopathy. In this study the General practitioners adherence to the recommendation for following up the patients after participation in a screening programme for diabetic retinopathy was assessed.
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AWARENESS ABOUT EYE DISEASES AMONG DIABETICS - A SURVEY IN SOUTH INDIA
Diabetic retinopathy may occur in 23% of diabetics but only in 1.78% of the general population. Currently, in India, the approach to the problem of diabetic retinopathy should be case detection and not population based screening as highlighted in the survey.
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TARGETED MYDRIASIS STRATEGIES FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SCREENING CLINICS
In this study, it was shown that combining pupil size with age improves the predictive value to 84% by using a digital non-mydriatic camera to predict the need for dilation.
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SCREENING FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: AN OVERVIEW
This article has contributed to understanding the natural course of diabetic retinopathy. It highlights that ten years after diagnosis the prevalence of retinopathy is 40-50% and after 20 years the prevalence is 90%, hence DR screening is required with cost effective.
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WHAT RISK FACTORS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY?
I have Type-2 diabetes. Am I at risk for developing diabetic retinopathy? This is a question answer forum.
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RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN SELF-REPORTED RURAL POPULATION WITH DIABETES
The study identifies risk factors associated with DR such as male gender, longer duration of diabetes, lean body mass index, higher systolic blood pressure and insulin treatment.
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PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AMONG OMANI DIABETICS
This topic aims to study the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in a population of patients attending a diabetic clinic and to evaluate the medical risk factors.
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HLA-A24: RISK FACTOR IN PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
This study brings out that the HLA-A24 is not a protective factor for PDR, but is a risk factor of its development.
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IS DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR ISCHEMIC STROKE?
This article concludes that Diabetic retinopathy predicts incident ischemic stroke in people with diabetes, independent of other risk factors. ...
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RISK FACTORS OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
In this article, it concludes that the diabetic duration and urine albumin are two independent risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in elderly type 2 diabetes patients as per this study.
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CAUSES OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
This link is for patient information regarding Diabetic Retinopathy.
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RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Years since DM diagnosis, hypertension, HbA1c levels and male sex are independently associated with severe Diabetic Retinopathy as per this article.
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RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AMONG SAUDI DIABETICS
This Saudi study remarks that the significant associations with poor control and duration of diabetes show potential benefit for optimal glycemic control.
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SCREENING FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN HOSPITAL AND COMMUNITY BASED SCREENING AND BETWEEN PAYING AND NON-PAYING PATIENTS
A total of 79,194 people more than 40 years, were screened for diabetes in Rawalpindi and the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was two times more in the affluent hospital patients as compared to poor hospital patients or rural population.
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DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: AN HISTORICAL ASSESSMENT
Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is a significant cause of new-onset blindness. A number of multi-centred clinical trials during the last ten years have contributed substantially to the understanding of the natural history of diabetic retinopathy and have established the value of intensive glycemic control in reducing both the risk of onset and the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
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Matthew D. Davis
Dr. Davis is the Director of the Fundus Photograph Reading Center (FPRC), which works with various clinical research studies to analyze photographs of the retina and to assess changes over time. He is a Professor Emeritus with Retina Fellowship from Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary, Boston. Under the guidance of Dr. Davis, several standards for "grading" the characteristics of the lens and retina have been established.
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THE AMERICAN RETINA FOUNDATION (ARF)
THE AMERICAN RETINA FOUNDATION is committed to improving the quality of life of all people with retinal disease .As the charitable arm of the American Society of Retinal Specialists (ASRS) and as the public's trustedally, ARF believes that no one should lose vision to retinal disease. ARF strives to save vision by identifying and funding innovative scientific research to better understand the causes and treatment of retinal disease, to educate physicians by disseminating cutting-edge discoveries, and to raise public awareness of retinal diseases, including ways to improve, preserve, and restore vision.
http://www.nhshealthquality.org/nhsqis/511.html
It is a Special Health Board. They advise, support and assess NHS boards to help improve the quality of healthcare for the people of Scotland.
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